ion-exchange water softener
Hard water is more than a nuisance. It can stain sinks, reduce the cleaning power of detergent, cause buildup in faucets and pipes, and shorten the life of a water heater. Though several types of salt-free water softeners are available, a salt-based (ion exchange) softener is the most popular. (See the Water Softeners Buying Guide for more information on choosing a water softener.) Installation must adhere to local plumbing codes.
Though most homeowners choose to buy and maintain their own water softener, a viable option is to rent one. Over the long run, renting will cost more than buying, but it costs much less up front and can save you the trouble of installing, maintaining, and repairing a system.
Working principle
by absorbing the calcium and magnesium ions in water with resin, since the water hardness is mainly composed of calcium and magnesium, therefore, cation exchange resin (softener) is used to replace Ca2+, Mg2+ (main ingredients for scale) in water, as the increase of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in resin, removing performance on Ca2+, Mg2+ of resin will be gradually weakened.
When the resin has absorbed a certain amount of calcium and magnesium ions, it must be regenerated, the regeneration process is that flushing resin layer with the salt water from salt case, replacing hardness ion out of the resin again, and discharging wastewater out of the tank by regeneration, then resin recover the function of softening and exchanging.
2RNa + Ca2+ = R2Ca + 2Na+
2RNa + Mg2+ = R2Mg + 2Na+
working principle of sodium ion exchange and softening treatment is to exchange sodium cation with resin to soften the raw water , hardness content Ca2+and Mg2+ in water will be exchanged with Na+ in the resin to absorb the Ca2+and Mg2+ to make the water to be softened.
2RNa + Ca2+ = R2Ca + 2Na+
2RNa + Mg2+ = R2Mg + 2Na+
After the water treated by sodium ion exchanger, the Ca+ and Mg+ were exchanged to
be Na +.
Control modes :single-tank type and dual-tank type
Single tank time based control type: it is controlled by microcomputer timer, when the working time reaches the pre-setted time, it will automatically start the regeneration process, which can be regenerated once every day or once every several days.
Single tank flow rate based control type: it is controlled by turbine flow rate or electronic fluid sensor, when softened water output reaches presetted flow rate it will automatically start the regeneration, which can regenerate several times each day.